Exile and return, embodied by the remains, were important yet conflictual experiences that legitimized the post-Rosas order. The return of Lavalle's remains, sponsored by the Buenos Aires government and organized by émigrés in Chile, became part of the conflict between the province and the Argentine Confederation in the 1850s. His remains became a focal point of exile politics in Bolivia and Chile, where republican funerals were held in Lavalle's honor. After the death of Lavalle at the hands of Federalist militias in Jujuy province in 1841, his followers carried his bones and heart with them to Bolivia. This article analyzes through the prism of exile and return the journey of General Juan Lavalle's remains from the battlefield to Bolivia, Chile, and then Buenos Aires. I offer an original critical analysis of the unacknowledged and divergent literary and historical representations of Manuela, examining how writers use the lack of historical evidence to manipulate and imaginatively reconstruct her life story and in doing so, blur the line between fact and fiction. However, María Rosa Lojo's La princesa federal (2010) contests the claim that Manuela suffered, instead postulating that she was a resilient and empowered individual who was passionate about promoting the causa federalista, remaining loyal to her father out of choice. Both writers maintain that Rosas curtailed his daughter's social freedom, and that she would have reached her true potential had she been raised by civilised Unitarians and not in a Federalist environment.
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This article argues how, in a series of nineteenth-century fictional works, namely those of renowned Unitarian scholars José Mármol (Amalia El retrato de Manuela Rosas, 1851) and Juana Manuela Gorriti (El guante negro La hiza del mashorquero, 1865), Manuela has been inaccurately depicted as 'la primera victíma de la tiranía de su padre', who desperately needed rescuing. Much like her fellow women revolutionaries, namely her mother, Encarnación Ezcurra de Rosas, and Eva Perón, Manuela assumed an active role in the Argentine political arena and was instrumental in maintaining her father's unparalleled political supremacy, acting as chief mediator between the government and the marginalised Argentine masses. Manuela Rosas, the daughter of Federalist dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas, is an important nineteenth century political figure who was a consistent subject of imaginative reconstruction during the Rosas era. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the four most controversial political figures who have influenced much of the historiography of Argentina.
The parallels between both men and women have-strangely-never undergone literary treatment. Both women assumed unofficial roles in their spouses' administrations and one, namely Eva Perón, is arguably Argentina's most celebrated political icon.
Studying Rosas and Perón is even more significant in view of the striking similarities between their wives, who were instrumental in elevating their husbands to long-term political supremacy. This thesis explores the plausible comparisons between Argentina's most polemical political leaders, focusing on the literary representations of both figures in a series of nineteenth and twentieth-century fictional and historical works. Despite the evident parallels to be drawn, both men's zealous supporters and archenemies use the similarities to reinforce their own political agendas. The official liberal historical perspective postulates that the Perón government was the 'second tyranny', the first being the notorious Rosas regime, but this assertion is problematic. For many decades, Argentina's former populist President Juan Domingo de Perón has been frequently compared with the infamous nineteenth-century Federalist dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas.
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